An Optimization Model for Water Management under the Dual Constraints of Water Pollution and Water Scarcity in the Fenhe River Basin, North China

Sustainable watershed development suffers from severe challenges, such as water pollution and scarcity. Based on an analysis of quality utilization in the Fenhe River Basin, inexact two-stage stochastic programming model with downside-risk aversion was built for optimal resource allocations four primary use sectors (industry, domestic use, agriculture, environment) Basin. The aims to maximize comprehensive benefits, including costs, treatment downside risks. constraints are quality, available resources, sectoral demands different hydrological scenarios. results show that pollutant emissions decrease risk-aversion levels increase opposite trend midstream downstream areas. allocation agriculture reduction ecological indicate suffered greatest shortage risk. Improving recycling coordinating transferred resources increases benefits reduces effectively manages rational under dual provides support socio-economic environmental protection river basin.